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I nehinei, ua manaʻo kaʻu kāne ua ʻike ʻo ia i kahi moʻo i loko o ka lumi ʻauʻau
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E pili ana i ka moʻo a me ka moʻo i loko o ka lumi ʻauʻau
Nā pūpū (ai ole ʻāpala) nā'ōpala o ke kauoha Blattodea, e komo pu ana nā kauā. Ma kahi o 30 mau ʻano ʻano moʻo mai loko mai o 4,600 e pili ana me nā wahi noho kanaka. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano nā meaʻeha. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
He pūʻulu kahiko ka moʻo, me nā kūpuna i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka wā o ka Kalapona manawa, ma kahi o 300-350 miliona makahiki aku nei. ʻO kēlā mau kūpuna mua naʻe, ʻaʻohe o loko nā ovipositors ʻo nā ʻāʻī hou. ʻO nā ʻūpepa he mau ʻiniko ākea ʻaʻole i hoʻololi kūikawā (e like me ka omo ʻana waha waha of Aphids a me kekahi nā pōʻino maoli); He mau waha nau lākou a ʻo ia paha kekahi o nā mea kahiko loa o ka noho ʻana Neopteran nā pepeke. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
He mau pepeke maʻamau a paʻakikī hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i nā ʻano like ʻole nā ʻīpuka, Mai ʻApelika anu i Tropical wela. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻiʻo Tropical ma mua o nā ʻano maʻamau. Kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo nui, ʻo nā ʻohana moho (Blatoptera) a me nā 'roachoids' e like me ka Carboniferous ʻO Archimylacris a me ka Permian ʻO Apthoroblattina ʻaʻole i like ka nui me nā ʻano nui o kēia wā. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
ʻO kekahi mau ʻano, e like me ka gregarious ʻūlū Kelemania, loaʻa kahi hoʻonohonoho pilikanaka elaborate e pili ana i ka malu maʻamau, ka hilinaʻi kaiapili, ka hoʻoili ʻike a me ka ʻike pili. Ua ʻike ʻia ka moʻomeheu kanaka mai ia manawa mai Kahiko kahiko. Hōʻike ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he pests lepo, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano mea ʻino ʻole a noho i nā ʻano wahi ākea a puni ka honua. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
Taxonomy a me ka evolution
ʻO nā ʻōpala he mau lālā o ka Superorder ʻO Dictyoptera, aia pū i ka nā kauā a mantids, he pūʻulu o nā pepeke i manaʻo ʻia he kaʻawale ia mai nā moʻo. I kēia manawa, 4,600 mau ʻano a ma luna o 460 genera i wehewehe ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka inoa "kakā" mai ka ʻōlelo Sepania no ka moʻo, kakā, hoʻololi ʻia e 1620s English moʻolelo moʻomeheu i loko o "cock" a me "roach". No ka Latin ka inoa ʻepekema blatta, "he insect e pale ana i ka malamalama", i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Latina kahiko ʻaʻole wale i nā cockroaches, akā i ka mantids. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
Ma ka mōʻaukala, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka inoa ʻo Blattaria me ka inoa ʻo Blattodea, akā ʻoiai ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Blattaria e kuhikuhi i nā ʻohu 'ʻoiaʻiʻo' wale nō, ʻo ka Blattodea pū kekahi me nā termite. Hoʻohana ʻia ka inoa ʻo Blattodea no ka hui i ka papa inoa o kēia manawa o nā ʻano cockroach honua. ʻO kekahi inoa, Blatoptera, hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi manawa no ka pili ʻana i nā ʻohana cockroach i pau. ʻO nā mōʻalihaʻi mōʻī kahiko loa e like me ka moʻo ("blattoopterans" a i ʻole "roachids") mai ka Kalapona manawa 320 miliona makahiki aku nei, e like me nā fossil roachoid nymphs. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
Wahi a kekahi ke kuhiakau, he pūʻulu ʻiʻo kahiko ka ʻiʻo i ala mai i ka wā o ka Devonian Epani. ʻOkoʻa nā moho mōʻalihaku i ola i ia manawa mai nā moho o kēia wā no ka lōʻihi o waho nā ovipositors a he mau kupuna o mantise, a me nā moho hou. E like me ke kino, nā ʻēheu hope a ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā waha i loko o nā mōʻalihaku, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ka pilina o kēia mau roachoids a me nā moho hou. Ua ʻike ʻia nā mōʻalihaku mua o nā cockroaches hou me nā ovipositors i loko ʻaʻahu ʻulaʻula. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi loiloi phylogenetic hou i hoʻokumu ʻia nā moho ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ʻO Jurassic. ʻO nā pūʻulu pūʻulu Mesozoic maʻamau ka Blattulidae a Mesoblattinidae. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
ʻO nā pilina evolutionary o ka Blattodea (cockroaches and termites) i hōʻike ʻia ma ka cladogram ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma Inward, Beccaloni and Eggleton (2007). ʻO nā ʻohana moho Anaplectidae, Lamproblattidae, a Tryonicidae ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia akā waiho ʻia i loko o ka superfamily Blattoidea. ʻO nā ʻohana moho Corydiidae a Ectobiidae Ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo Polyphagidae a me Blattellidae.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Termites ma ke ʻano he kauoha kaʻawale Isoptera i nā mohu. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike ikaika nā hōʻike moʻokalaleo i kēia manawa ua ulu pololei lākou mai nā moʻo 'ʻoiaʻiʻo', a ua nui nā mea kākau i hoʻonoho iā lākou ma ke ʻano he "epifamily” o Blattodea. Ua kākoʻo kēia hōʻike i kahi kuhiakau i manaʻo ʻia i ka makahiki 1934 e pili pili ana nā termite me nā ʻūhā ʻai wahie (genus). cryptocercus). (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
Ua hoʻokumu mua ʻia kēia kuhiakau ma ka like o ka ʻōpū symbiotic hae hae i nā nai i manaʻo ʻia he fossil ola a me nā moʻo ʻai wahie. Ua puka mai nā hōʻike hou aʻe i ka wā i ʻike ai ʻo F. A. McKittrick (1965) i nā hiʻohiʻona morphological like ʻole ma waena o kekahi mau nalo a me nā nymphs cockroach. ʻO ka like ʻana o kēia mau ʻūhā a me nā nalo i alakaʻi ai i kekahi poʻe ʻepekema e hoʻokaʻawale hou i ka termite ma ke ʻano he ʻohana hoʻokahi. Termitidae, iloko o ke kauoha Blattodea. Ua lawe nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻē aʻe i kahi ʻano conservative, e manaʻo ana e mālama i nā termite e like me ka Termitoidae, he epifamily i loko o ke kauoha. Mālama ia ʻano ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā termite ma ka pae ʻohana a ma lalo. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻano moʻo e like me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o kekahi mau ʻano. ʻO ka ʻūlū kaumaha loa o ka honua ʻo Australia mohu ʻū nuiMacropanesthia rhinoceros, hiki ke hiki i ka 8 kenimika (3 in) ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 35 grams (1.2 oz). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nui o ka moʻo pilikua ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻO Blaberus giganteus. ʻO ka ʻano moʻo lōʻihi loa Megaloplatta longipennis, hiki ke hiki i 97 mm (3+7/8 i) ka lōʻihi a me 45 mm (1+3/4 i) ma waena. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
He ʻano ʻano ʻAmelika Waena a me ʻAmelika Hema, ʻO Megaloblatta blaberoides, loaʻa ka ʻēheu nui loa a hiki i 185 mm (7+1/4 i loko). Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka unahi nui, Attaphila nā mohu e noho pū ana me mea ʻoki lau e hoʻokomo i kekahi o nā ʻano mea liʻiliʻi loa o ka honua, e ulu ana ma kahi o 3.5 mm ka lōʻihi.
ʻO nā ʻiʻo he mau ʻinikena maʻamau me ka liʻiliʻi o nā hoʻololi kūikawā, a ʻo ia paha kekahi o nā mea nui loa ʻike mua e ola ana Neopteran nā pepeke. He poʻo liʻiliʻi ko lākou a he kino ākea, palahalaha, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano he ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Nui ko lakou maka huipu, ʻelua ocelli, a lōʻihi, maʻalahi antennae. ka waha waha aia ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ke poʻo a komo pū me ka nau maʻamau māwae, nā liʻiliʻi salivary a me nā mea hoʻopā like ʻole a me ka ʻono.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kino i loko o ka ʻōpū o ʻekolu mau ʻāpana a me ka ʻōpū ʻumi ʻāpana. He paʻakikī ko ka ʻili waho exoskeleton aia kahi kalipuna kalapona; pale kēia i nā ʻōpū o loko a hoʻopili i nā ʻiʻo. Ua uhi ʻia kēia exoskeleton waho me ka wax e hoʻokuke i ka wai. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻēheu i ka ʻāpana ʻokiʻoki ʻelua a me ke kolu. ʻO ka tegmina, a i ʻole ʻelua ʻēheu mua, paʻakikī a pale; e waiho ana kēia mau mea i pale ma luna o ka membranous nā ʻēheu hope, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lele. Loaʻa i nā ʻēheu ʻehā nā lālā lōʻihi, a me nā ʻēheu he nui nā aʻa keʻa. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
Hahaha, he ʻakaʻaka ke heluhelu, akā ʻoi aku ka leʻaleʻa i ka wā e pono ai.
Manaʻo ʻoe e kōkua nā kāne iā ʻoe i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka lumi kuke a me ka lumi ʻauʻau?
ʻAe, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻohi lākou i ka ʻiniko a kiola aku i waho o ka lumi kuke. Paʻa ka pilikia! no direct translation
ʻakaʻaka kaʻawale ʻo Gaga, ʻo ka mālama hale ka hana paʻakikī loa, ʻo nā wahine a i ʻole nā kāne.
ʻAe like ʻoe?
Ma kēia mea, pono ʻoe e ʻike i kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoʻomaʻemaʻe, kekahi mau hana hana hale, a loaʻa kekahi mau mea hana lima no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hana hale. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
Makemake ʻoe e lohe i kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo? E hele mai kāua:
1. Mai hoolei i ka peal, ka opala, a me ka wili ma na wahi a pau o ka hale:
ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe hohonu i nā papahele a me nā hale i kēlā me kēia lā.
I ka nui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole ʻo ka lepo ka mea e hoʻopuehu ai kou wahi holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka ʻōpala e laha ʻia ana ma nā wahi a pau.
No ka laʻana, hoʻolei nā keiki a i ʻole mākou i ka hale i nā pūpū, nā ʻōwili a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ʻaneʻi.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe kēia i ka hale i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia.
No laila, inā maʻa ʻoe i ka hoʻolei ʻole ʻana i nā mea ma nā wahi a pau, e nānā maikaʻi a maʻemaʻe kou hale no hoʻokahi pule.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā pahu hōʻiliʻili ʻōpala a me nā mea kūʻai aku no kēia. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
Akā i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole makemake mākou e haʻalele i ka wahi a hoʻolei i ka ʻōpala.
No laila hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i nā bins ma ka hale a noi i kāu kāne, nā keiki a me nā malihini e hoʻohana iā lākou inā pono. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
2. Mai waiho i na Piko, Basin, a me na Auwaha e ae i paa:
I ka holoi ʻana i nā kīʻaha, holoi ʻaʻahu a ʻauʻau paha, paʻa nā koena, lauoho holoholona a i ʻole kou lauoho ponoʻī i loko o nā ʻauwai a paʻa i ke kahawai. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
ʻAʻole wale kēia mea e paʻakikī ai ka holoi ʻana i ka wai, akā hiki ke hana i nā mea ʻala ma ka papahele.
No laila, e ho'āʻo e hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻauwai i kēlā me kēia pule. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
ʻAʻole ʻoe e hilahila i mua o nā malihini ma muli o ke ʻala ʻino a puni. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
3. Hāʻawi i 10 mau minuke i ka lepo i kēlā me kēia lā:
ʻO ka lepo ma luna o nā lako mea e nānā ai kou home i ka lepo, kahiko a hoʻomaha ʻole.
ʻAʻole ʻoe e manaʻo i ka hoʻomaha ʻana ke loaʻa nā mea āpau a puni ʻoe i nā ʻāpana lepo.
Eia kekahi, ke kono nei kēia mau ʻāpana lepo i nā nalo a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o kou home a hoʻopilikia i kou ola.
No laila, pono ʻoe e hele i ka lepo i nā lako no kekahi mau minuke i kēlā me kēia lā.
E hoʻohana i kahi gadget-cum-mea hana maʻalahi no kēia hana ʻaʻole koi iā ʻoe e hoʻoneʻe i nā mea a puni. (Pūpepa i loko o ka lumi lumi)
Me kēia, ʻano ākea kou hale, maʻemaʻe a hōʻoluʻolu e pale aku i nā germs a me nā pōpoki.
4. E hoʻohana i nā hāmeʻa no ka hana lima.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻōpala o ka hale ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai a me nā mea hāʻule.
ʻO nā ʻōmole, nā aniani, nā ipu, a pēlā aku ma ka home. Loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻano papa āpau a mākou e waiho ai.
Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻāʻo mākou e hoʻohana iā lākou, hāʻule pinepine lākou a hana ʻino.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoheheʻe i kāu mau mea āpau ma nā papa haʻahaʻa i hiki ke maʻalahi iā lākou.
No laila, hiki iā ia ke pale i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻōmole, ke kahe ʻana o nā mea inu a mai ka bacteria, etc. E hoʻohana i nā mea hana e pale ai iā ʻoe iho.
E hoʻohana i nā moena antibacterial kahi āu e kau ai i ka meaʻai e pale aku i ka haʻo pilau.
Nā Laina Hoʻopau - Nā ʻano liʻiliʻi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka home:
He mau ala liʻiliʻi kēia e mālama ai i ka maʻemaʻe o kou hale me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i nā moho 😛
Loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau ʻōlelo kōkua no ka mālama ʻana i kou home maʻemaʻe? E ʻoluʻolu e kaʻana like i nā manaʻo ma lalo.
Eia kekahi, mai poina i ka pin /lepe puke a kipa aku i kā mākou moʻomanaʻo no ka ʻike hou aʻe akā ʻike maoli. (Vodka a me ka wai hua waina)